Ocala, Fla. • Vilinda York lies in her Florida hospital bed, facing a dry-erase board that lists in green marker her name, her four doctors and a smiley face.
Also on the board is this: "Anticipated date of discharge: NOT YET DETERMINED."
The 64-year-old contracted fungal meningitis after receiving three tainted steroid shots in her back. She’s one of 271 people nationwide who are victims of an outbreak that began when a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy shipped contaminated medication. Twenty-one people have died.
Like many trying to recover, York, who has been hospitalized since Sept. 27, faces a long and uncertain road. Many people have died days or even weeks after being hospitalized. Fungal meningitis — which is not contagious — is a tenacious disease that can be treated only with powerful drugs.
"I’m determined I’m going to fight this thing," she said. "The devil is not going to win."
William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist who chairs Vanderbilt University’s Department of Preventive Medicine, said the treatment includes intravenous anti-fungal medicines that are tricky to use.
"These are powerful drugs. They’re toxic," he said. "You’re walking a tightrope because you want to get enough into a patient to have the therapeutic effect while at the same time you’re trying not to affect, or to minimize the effect on the liver and kidneys."
Even after leaving the hospital, he said, patients will continue antifungal drugs for weeks or months.
The infectious disease doctor handling York’s case did not immediately respond to a phone message.
When York talks about the last six weeks, tears run down her cheeks. She knows the disease is deadly. And if she needed a reminder, it’s right there in the headline from a local newspaper on her hospital bed: "Third death reported in Marion County from fungal meningitis."
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For York, 2012 started well. The retired clothing shop clerk and widow from Illinois was doing water aerobics three times a week, tending to her flower garden and spending time with church friends. They’d get together at Olive Garden and Red Lobster a couple of times a week and go to church every Sunday.
On Jan. 21, she was on her way to a wedding when she got into a car crash. It wasn’t enough to put her in the hospital, but she did suffer back problems.
The pain was strong enough for her to visit a doctor at Marion Pain Clinic, where she received two steroid shots on Aug. 16. A week later, the pain was still there and she began feeling headachy, nauseous and dizzy. She chalked it up to her back and got a third shot Aug. 28.
In the weeks that followed, her health deteriorated. She couldn’t lie down without extreme back pain. A friend gave her a recliner to sleep in. The headaches grew severe, sharp pains shooting from all directions into her skull.
"I couldn’t walk well, I couldn’t see good and I could wipe the sweat off my arms," she said.
On Sept. 27, her legs and arms grew numb. The numbness flowed upwards to her waist. That’s when she called 911.
"I didn’t know whether I was getting ready for a stroke," she said.
When she arrived at the hospital, doctors took a spinal tap and discovered she had meningitis.
Health officials have noticed that the sickest patients with meningitis are those who either did not catch the symptoms early or who didn’t receive appropriate treatment early because doctors didn’t know what they were dealing with. The fungi become harder to kill once they have established themselves in a person’s body.
"If treatment is given early, it is very effective," said Dr. David Reagan, medical officer for Tennessee, where the outbreak was first detected. "If it is given late, it is not very effective."
Most of the positively identified cases are caused by Exserohilum rostratum (ex-sir-oh-HY-lum ross-TRAH-tum). The fungus is commonly found in the environment, but it has never before been observed as a cause of meningitis.
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