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Rio de Janeiro • Declaring that the global drug-testing system is damaged, Olympic leaders and anti-doping officials vowed Tuesday to fix the problems and prevent the type of scandal that has embroiled Russian athletes in the lead-up to the Rio Games.

The IOC and the World Anti-Doping Agency clashed again Tuesday over the allegations of state-sponsored doping in Russia that have rattled the Olympic movement and created chaos ahead of Friday's opening ceremony in Rio.

Both sides agreed on one thing: the need to repair the global anti-doping system and restore trust and credibility in the fight against drugs.

"This is not about destroying structures," IOC President Thomas Bach said, referring to WADA. "This is about improving significantly a system in order to have a robust and efficient anti-doping system so that such a situation that we face now cannot happen again."

Bach spoke after a debate in which International Olympic Committee members overwhelmingly backed the executive board's decision not to take the "nuclear option" of banning Russia's entire Olympic team. Bach and many members pointed fingers at WADA for failing to act sooner on evidence of state-run doping in Russia and for releasing its findings so close to the start of the games.

"I don't feel as if I've been run under a bus," WADA chief Craig Reedie told reporters, insisting that both sides were in general accord on the need to find solutions for the future.

"Somebody said this system is broken," he said. "I don't think all the system is broken. i think quite a lot of the system still works, but that certain parts of the system need revision."

Reedie said he had received assurances from officials at high levels of the Russia government that they accept they have a problem and need to fix it.

Bach opened the IOC's three-day general assembly by seeking formal backing for the board's decisions on the Russian crisis. After a debate lasting more than two hours, Bach asked for a show of hands, and only one of the 85 members — Britain's Adam Pengilly — voted against his position.

Despite evidence of a vast state-organized program involving Olympic sports in Russia, the IOC board rejected calls for a total ban and left it to international sports federations to decide on the entry of individual Russian athletes for the games.

Bach said it would be wrong to make individual Russian athletes "collateral damage" for the wrongdoing of their government.

"Leaving aside that such a comparison is completely out of any proportion when it comes to the rules of sport, let us just for a moment consider the consequences of a 'nuclear option,'" Bach said. "The result is death and devastation. This is not what the Olympic Movement stands for. The cynical 'collateral damage' approach is not what the Olympic movement stands for."

The IOC has been roundly criticized by many anti-doping bodies, athletes' groups and Western media for not applying a complete ban on the Russian team. Pressure for a full ban grew after WADA investigator Richard McLaren issued a report accusing Russia's sports ministry of orchestrating doping program and cover-ups involving athletes across more than two dozen summer and winter Olympic sports.

Underlying the deep split between Olympic leaders and anti-doping officials, Bach and others put the responsibility on WADA.

"I think it's not the reputation of the IOC that has to be restored, it's the reputation of WADA," Israeli member Alex Gilady said.

Argentine member Gerardo Werthein added: "At times WADA has seemed to be more interested in publicity and self-promotion rather than doing its job as a regulator."

Reedie said he spoke later with both men and addressed their concerns. IOC spokesman Mark Adams said Reedie's positon was not compromised by the debate.

Russian Olympic Committee President Alexander Zhukov claimed there was a political campaign against Russia and cited "discrimination" against clean athletes not connected to doping.

U.S. member Larry Probst said it was wrong to attribute the problem to "international politics."

"We have a doping problem," the U.S. Olympic Committee chairman said. "And it's not just Russia, it's global. The current system is broken and we need to fix the problem."

Ban Ki-moon to carry Olympic torch

U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon will carry the Olympic torch and take part in the opening of the Rio Games. U.N. spokesman Stephane Dujarric said Ban will fly to Rio Wednesday night and take part in Friday's relay in which the Olympic torch is handed over.

He said the secretary-general will also visit the Olympic Village and meet competitors including the first-ever Refugee Olympic Team.

Swimming denies Russians were cleared

FINA is denying that Russian swimmers Vladimir Morozov and Nikita Lobintsev have been cleared to compete in Rio. Morozoz and Lobintsev were among the athletes implicated in the McLaren report, which found state-sanctioned doping in Russia.

The IOC ruled that no one named in the report could take part in Rio. Morozov and Lobintsev were among those who appealed, and media reports out of Russia say they will be allowed to compete. FINA said those reports are premature. The appeal is pending before the IOC's three-person committee that will make a final ruling on the eligibility of Russian athletes.

Australian player sick

One player from the Australian women's water polo team remains in isolation after being stricken with a gastrointestinal virus.

Goalkeeper Lea Yanitsas is staying with the team doctor in separate housing to ensure she is fully recovered.